The Concept of the Self (by Al-Ghazali)

Hello Everyone !!! 

The 4 Parts of the Self :

1. Qalb (heart)
2. Ruh  (spirit)
3. Nafs (soul)
4. Aql   (intellect)

The 2 Motives :

1. Motor :--
   a) Propensity--
  • Appetite-- Hunger, thirst, sexual craving
  • Anger    -- Rage, indignation, revenge
   b) Impulse--
  • Resides in muscles, nerves and tissues
  • Moves the organs to fulfill the propensities.
2. Sensory (apprehension)-- 
  • 5 external senses
  • 5 internal senses :--
          a) Common sense
          b) Imagination 
          c) Reflection 
          d) Recollection
          e) Memory 

The 2 Additional Qualities :

1. Intellect 
2. Will

The 6 Powers of the Qalb (heart) :

1. Appetite
2. Anger
3. Impulse
4. Apprehension
5. Intellect
6. Will

The 2 Types of Knowledge :

1. Innate :--
  • Phenomenal -- material world
  • Spiritual       -- related to God and soul
2. Acquired :-- 
  • Imitation
  • Logical reasoning
  • Contemplation
  • Intuition

The 4 Elements in Human Nature :

1. The sage  --  intellect and reason
2. The pig    --  lust and gluttony
3. The dog   --  anger
4. The devil -- brutality


Thanks for Reading !!!
  

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